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Jumped more than fifteen years rear1! There have to go back to the first quarter of 1998 to find an unemployment rate as bad in France. The situation at the time was different, however. The French economy was emerging from a period of weakness and was about to experience a growth phase, with grazing rates, even exceeding 3% per annum. Nothing like today. It would even be quite the opposite. All international organizations predict that 2013 will be a year of recession (with negative growth rates between -0.2% and -0.1%). France is in fact of revival with growth next year, and even with a low rate of growth of national wealth estimated at around 1%.

In 1997 the government (socialist) had accompanied the massive economic downturn, with two strong measures in employment. First, the passage forced march (starting in 1999) to 35 hours, and secondly, the creation of 350,000 jobs for young people (heavily subsidized by the state contracts) in the non-profit sector over five years. Lionel Jospin provided even then also the hiring of 350,000 jobs for young people in other companies (the final unfilled). But what had the time allowed to leave the economy is growing. The support of the state, particularly in terms of youth employment had been only marginal. Between 1997 and 2002, no less than 3 million jobs have indeed been created, 300,000 or less generated by the mere reduction of working time. 10%.

A state support smaller

Fiscal crisis and the need to bring the accounts to balance 2obligent, fifteen years after the wing was heavily downgraded. The support of the State in social treatment of unemployment, is more limited effect. Hollande 3escompte creating 100,000 jobs for the future (the successors of youth employment in 1997) this year and 150,000 in total by the end of 2014. Barely 21% of the funds promised for youth employment (700,000 in public and private) in the coming to power of the Left in 1997. Question assisted contracts, the envelope is roughly the same and amounts to around 400,000 devices subsidized. As contracts generation (device for the employment of a young person CDI against the continued employment of a senior), half a million are scheduled in five years, including 80,000 this year.

Worse, the forecast creation / destruction of jobs for years to come are the reverse of those of 1997. Fifteen years ago, the economy was going into effect to create more than 320,000 jobs! As a result, over the two years 1998-1999 recovery, payroll employment rose by 670,000 … Today, unemployment insurance – which is seldom wrong in his expectations – instead allows the destruction of nearly 185,000 jobs over the years 2013-2014. With a parallel increase in the number of registered unemployed in category A at employment center than 310,000!

Reached three times in the past

It is thus difficult in these conditions (recessionary economy, forecasts of job destruction, public policies on the labor market downgraded …) how the curve of unemployment, rising continuously for more than two years, could s' reversed before the end of the year, as yet promises François Hollande4. The historical record of an unemployment rate of 10.8% of the workforce, reached only three times in the past (in the second quarter of 1994, the first and second quarter of 1997), has every chance of being equaled or exceeded this year if the current trend (with quarterly increases of 0.2 or 0.3) continues

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Under no fax paydayloans, an applicant can apply for any amount between $100 and $1500, considering the importance of the ends.

Source Le Figaro Magazine

Atypical pattern of SBF 120, inhabited artist, businessman visionary Thierry Ehrmann detonates. Interview with a passionate inventor of leading information on the art market.

Le Figaro Magazine – Artprice How did he become a great vantage point?

Thierry Ehrmann – Artprice is the largest database on the art market. Over the years, we have acquired a lot of editorials funds, including 270,000 manuscripts and catalogs of the seventeenth century to ensure traceability of works. We have data on 108 million artwork and biographical data we manage over 1.8 million artists, 550,000 of which have already appeared in public auctions. At one point, more than 200 historians working with us to be sure to assign tables to the good artists, particularly those of Flemish painters. We have in our servers 27 million sales results and thanks to this memory Artprice became what it is. We also manage virtual portfolios 630,000 individuals, who want to follow the price of their collections.

How do you set the dimension of an array?

In the past, when we wanted to estimate, for example, a Chagall painting 80×80cm, we referred to sales of paintings by the artist whose size was comparable. Artprice works differently depending on the method of repeated sale. We follow the same work, the evolution of the price over time. Like, for example, Basquiat, sold in New York, then eight years later in London, and three years later in Paris. Our indices are built like that. Our company is designed with scientists, the rest is wet finger.

The health of the art market it seems you do not insolent?

The art market is evolving in parallel with the stock market, our index is correlated with the S & P500. It became an issue of power: China is number one since 2010, the U.S. number two, and France, in 1962, accounted for 54% of the art market, weighs only 4%. The French art market should consider when in a single day in New York one year of revenue from home France come true. The market of the spring, he had ten years to recover from the crisis of the 90s, it took him two after that of 2008. The time is in favor of art as a luxury. When you buy a property, it is devalued over time, insurers apply a coefficient of decay. Conversely should apply a multiplier bonus to art.

Soaring prices may yet create bubbles.

I do not see. The market is growing because we are witnessing a sociological revolution. After World War II, there were 500,000 avid collectors in the world today there are 450 million art Consumers. Collectors start younger, to the thirties. Half of the works that are exchanged are worth less than 1500 euros. We always have a vision of a market between millionaires, but it no longer corresponds to reality. Before we first bought the house, then to fifty status is supported by starting a collection quick cash. Today, I see our group of young professionals who are not owners, invest 15,000 euros in the art as they furnish their apartment at Ikea.

What about fads about contemporary art?

They are not dangerous. The market is fluid resistant. Collectors and museums sell with less emotional than before. Artists also have evolved – the myth of the cursed artist is gone. They know how to regulate their production and formats to not flood the market. Damien Hirst does it very well. In contemporary art, there are market makers in finance as they "swallow" a work as necessary to reflect the market. While many contemporary artists beyond modern in terms of price, I think it is less likely to buy an artwork that action if we properly informed.

Where does the art market?

For works under 15,000 euros, we can not speak of a market economic point of view, it's the emotion that the reasoning that guides buyers. Beyond 15,000 euros if you are well advised, it is difficult to be "washed" in a few years, then that is what happened to many stock market. For two years, some individuals have also sold securities to invest in the art market. This also explains the good pricing.

Art is it a good investment?

I am convinced. When they lend money to their customers, the banks also prefer to take security tables a stock portfolio. According to our calculations, a work of 15,000 to 50,000 euros is valorizes 5 to 7% per year in the future, between 50,000 and 100,000 euros in 8 to 10% per year. And beyond 100,000 euros for works perfect with good traceability certificates, 14% per year. These are average annualized price increases over a period of ten years which correspond to purchases notified of knowledgeable people. And buyers, thanks to new technologies, the possibility of reaching the galleries knowing the history of the value of an artist, the rate of returns … the perfect way to buy.

What they think of him

– "Maniac, provocative, this sculptor and artist is also and foremost a shrewd businessman. The Abode of Chaos, a kind of modern art museum dedicated to the Apocalypse, located in Saint-Romain-au-Mont-d'Or, a quiet suburb of Lyon, Thierry Ehrmann cultivates its image cypberpunk trash. " Expansion, Franck Dedieu and Beatrice Mathieu, June 2012.

– "Thierry Ehrmann received in his office encased circular screens and not far from resembling a control of a nuclear power plant after the Apocalypse. A skull under glass rubs the al-Jazeera pictures, ancient piles of catalogs of works of art, sometimes graphics on the evolution of the Chinese side of the darlings of contemporary art. "Liberation Christophe Alix, July 2012.

 

A few months of respite! The record of 3.195 million unemployed in category A, dated January 1997, was not passed by the end of February 2013 the Ministry of Labour. At nearly 7800 … It is nevertheless true that unemployment was a 23rd month of increases, with a further increase of 18,400 job seekers, perhaps two and a half times lower than in January 3187 but which leads to .700 enrollment in the reference category employment center. And also the number of 260,100 new unemployed since the election of François Holland in May. Or nine months, about a third of the increase recorded across the quinquennium of Nicolas Sarkozy.

"This increase is part of a trend in reality for nearly five years," said Michel Sapin in a statement, with supporting figures. If we add job seekers engaged in a Pool (part-time jobs), "is rising continuously since May 2008, for 57 months," attack against the Labour Minister hints referring to the responsibility This further increases the legacy Sarkozy.

"General Mobilization"

"I call for a general mobilization for employment", for his part, urged Jean-Marc Ayrault during the session of the current issues in government. And including "communities, associations, the world of social and solidarity economy" that must seize funded jobs (jobs of the future, assisted contracts …) that the government has put at their disposal. But also companies, called mass recruit young people (and retain senior employment) through the generation contract (500,000 are scheduled throughout the five-year period), even now apply for the tax credit competitiveness unveiled in November.

For the first results of the policy to be felt soon low fee payday loans. The jobs of the future, the commitment of 34 François Hollande during the presidential campaign, including struggling to take off. In five months, only 15,000 (about 100,000 this year) have been filled. 15% of the target. "The rise of this device is slow but it is certainly faster than for youth employment in 1997," says an employee of Michel Sapin. "Many actions have been taken but the results will be visible in a few months," cautions his side Aquilino Morelle, the political adviser to President.

François Hollande reaffirms his promise

This announcement does not, however, more credible promise, reiterated Tuesday by François Hollande, a reversal of the unemployment curve by the end of the year. "This is not simply a matter of belief, it is a desire, a goal and I will stand there," insisted the head of state.

With sluggish growth and weak recovery hopes among our European partners, the trend is still a strong increase in the number of job seekers in 2013. The unemployment insurance system has even estimated 185,000 over the entire year. Either deduction increases in January and February, nearly 125,000 unemployed who will register at employment center by 31 December. Not really sense a trend reversal

.

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Saturday night by winning 23-16 against the Scottish XV, the Blues XV of France saved the furniture in their last match of the Six Nations. Success in extremis that does not allow the French to escape the wooden spoon, and will not be neutral finances of the French Rugby Federation (FFR). Lights for rugby, the RBS Six Nations is indeed substantial revenue in terms of ticket. And the sum of the organizing committee pays the FFR depends for 25% of the final ranking of the XV of France. The fourth-place finish in 2012 had resulted in a shortfall of 1 million euros over the 2011/2012 season. Manageable loss budget of 94.3 million. Especially as the finalist XV of France during the 2011 World Cup in New Zealand was largely offset this loss FFR had pocketed 2 million bonus from his sponsors.

The good performance too expensive for the same cost FFR: 5 million more a year of "salary players" for this place finalist in the World Cup (rugby bonuses for their summons, selections and victories in international matches). In the end, the poor performance in the tournament in 2013 can therefore make savings on 2012/2013: EUR 700,000 at a minimum according to our estimates *.

The image and attractiveness of rugby are involved

"In the medium term recurrence bad result would necessarily impact on the attractiveness of the product XV of France," warns François Hilbrandt however, a consultant specializing in rugby at Kurt Salmon. The popularity of the oval ball effect attracts many brands, allowing the federation to substantially increase its revenues in recent years. For example, the FFR chose earlier this year to French Renault BMW as a new sponsor for a million extra per year faxless payday advance.

But poor results were to reproduce the situation could change. In a crisis, the marks show indeed much more selective in their marketing investments. According to the White Paper of 2012 sponsorship of sports marketing firm Sportlab the XV de France is considered the second French team conveying the most positive values ​​behind the Experts handball and well ahead of France football team (3 % considering carrying values ​​very positive).  

38% positive feedback on social networks

But the results are mixed this season have already been felt on hearing: after good scores in the first match against Italy, France 2 has seen its audience share fall from 39.1% in 2012 (5.84 million viewers) to 29% for the 2013 edition (5.28 million viewers on average). And social networks, the very positive tone following the epic New Zealand is a little dull. According to the firm Synthesio specializes in e-reputation, 23% of mentions around 60,205 Tournament XV and lights are negative. "Despite the disappointing results, the tone around the XV de France remains generally positive, demonstrating the commitment of the French rugby for the" moderates still firm. However, some players have crystallized more criticism. With nearly half of negative comments, "Frederic Michalak and Pascal Pape them suffer a sporting tournament trickier" concludes Synthesio.

* Compared to what it would have cost if Grand Slam (83,270 euros per player). In the same case, the English would have received 115,000 euros each.

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Its massive silhouette left Thursday Saint-Nazaire, the port construction. With its 333 meters long, the "MSC Preziosa" is the largest cruise ship ordered by a European ship owner. After two years of construction, the vessel is the fourth vessel of a size comparable to the Italian-Swiss company MSC Cruises and the twelfth of its fleet.

"We need this size of boat to continue to offer a true holiday experience, says Erminio Eschena, CEO of MSC Cruises France, Belgium and Luxembourg. It is to respond to the heterogeneity of the public with a variety of equipment. "

Of ever larger vessels

In recent years, the owners engage in a race with ever larger vessels multiplying the range of leisure on board. While in the early 2000s, the average capacity was around 2000 passengers, she quickly rose to 3000 and now exceeds 4,000 people. The sinking of the Concordia, which sparked debates about the gigantic ship, nothing changed. The future flagship of Costa Cruises, the "Diadema" will welcome 5,000 passengers in 2014.

The formula seems to work. According to the International Association of cruise (Clia), the number of cruise French rose 9% in 2012 to 481,000 passengers pass when the European market grew by only 1%. France from the very late: the market occupies the fifth place in Europe, behind Great Britain and Germany. "It is rather a good figure considering the economic and market maintains a strong development capacity," said Georges Azouze, President of the French Association of cruise lines.

Good value for money

"With these large ships, the sector has benefited from a sharp drop in average ticket price has fallen by almost 30% over the last five years," said Didier Arino, director of consulting firm Protourisme. According to him, the quality / price ratio has progressed to the cruise vacation mode as an alternative, accessible to the greatest number.

Where upscale cruises on smaller ships often exceed 2000 euros per passenger, the tariff on these mégapaquebots which represent the vast majority of the offers may drop to 700 euros per week all inclusive, and even less with promotions.

Finally, the impact of the accident Concordia was more limited than expected. At MSC Cruises, it is estimated that the disaster had "no commercial consequence" while the side of Costa Cruises European leader recognizes that the tragedy has broken strong dynamics while adding, without elaborating, that the figure Business 2012 is in progress.

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They hoped to collect tens of thousands of people as last year. Activists, supervised by the Nuclear Exit Network, organized a human chain Saturday in 18 different points of Paris. Their goal: to seek the judgment of this energy in France, two years after the Fukushima disaster. According to organizers, there were more than 20,000 participants.  

According to the spokesman for Nuclear Phaseout, Pierric Duflos, protesters surrounded a series of "power centers" that promote nuclear energy, as the National Assembly and the Senate, several ministries, including Defense and Ecology, the Nuclear Safety Authority (ASN), the seats of EDF and Areva in the neighborhood of Defense, as well as several banks, including BNP Paribas and Credit Agricole who finance power projects .

"This chain yellow sun sent a message of solidarity with the Japanese people" and "indignation message to policy makers that we impose a deadly behalf of narrow interests and economic nationalism," according to a statement released by the network.

Not far from the National Assembly, along the Seine. Photo credits:

 

Next week, the commission Lescure, charged by the Rue de Valois to reinvent the cultural exception, begin a second transfer of hearings with representatives of cultural industries to "test a number of hypotheses." The goal is to refine the proposals for the adaptation of digital culture that will validate the Elysee by the end of April, as révèleLibération. Exercise at high risk given the financial and political stakes. At the heart of the matter, is the future of Hadopi, responsible for the fight against Internet piracy. If it is assumed that the institution will not survive, some of its powers remain. It is a device to alleviate considered too heavy and repressive. Educational mission that has proven its effectiveness should continue.

However, the punitive aspect should be lowered. No question of suspending subscriptions Internet as the ultimate sanction provided by Hadopi. In alternative, the Commission Lescure propose to establish penalties for unscrupulous users. These fines would be used with great caution by the judge, given the legal issues raised by this type of sanction (verifying the identity of the offender, challenged the offense) and cost (covering device).

Involve Google

Finally, some members of the committee, encouraged by the government, would like to get more involved major players in the Net, including search engines, like Google, in the fight against piracy. Wary, some observers point out that it is difficult to impose anything on them: "It is a magisterial influence," says one.  

However, in its Thursday edition, the British newspaper leTelegrapha relayed Google will cut referencing illegal sites and those who do not respect the right of companies because, for example, registration in tax havens.

The commission also Lescure board on the issue "legal tender". This has two aspects. On the one hand, the easing of media chronology in case "very limited." The goal is to accelerate the provision of cinematographic and audiovisual works for users. The movie may be available on legal sites simultaneously with their release. For the American series, it would at the same time as they are broadcast on television screens. On the other hand, the government will also require the commission Lescure that are found technical solutions to bring new players in the circle of funding creation. But providers already consider paying for content without gaining anything in return.

Remains the thorny issue of private copying (electronic charge on donated content creators). The government wants to reform the system. And why not replace it with a tax on connected devices. But in this case, the money will go into the coffers of the state and the creation is not safe to see color.

 

This is a small revolution in the world of finance. Europe will finally set limits on credit rating agencies that have long rain or shine on the financial markets. The three main agencies (Standard and Poor's, Moody's and Fitch) representing 90% of the market will désormer impose greater transparency and may be held accountable for their mistakes.

A large majority of MEPs (579 against 58 votes and 60 abstentions) has adopted the text presented Wednesday by the Italian Socialist Democrat Leonardo Domenici. Here's what to retain these new rules will come into force this year, when the European Council has voted to turn the text.

• The transparency above all

Not always easy to understand rating system for these agencies. They have been asked to publish "research report" when issuing a sovereign rating. In the interests of transparency, this report must be "publicly accessible, clear and understandable," says the text voted.

• notations but not anytime

Agencies can not issue more than three unsolicited ratings throughout the year. When marking States, they should do on dates fixed in advance. Thus, the assessments will be published on Friday, after the markets close in the EU and at least one hour before reopening. The text also states that voted "the rating agency credit institution shall inform the rated entity (…) so that it has the ability to report to the agency any factual errors."

• Agencies responsible now

Agencies must redouble vigilance before distributing their rating. In fact, they will now be civilly liable if they make mistakes. In other words, investors who feel aggrieved by the rating will sue the agency has violated the rules of this law. For example, if a conflict of interest in issuing a rating.

• Limiting the power of agencies

"In recent years, investors and states have become too dependent on rating agencies. On several occasions, their sudden announcements led to speculation harmful financial markets, exacerbating the crisis in the euro zone, "said Italian Socialist MEP Leonardo Domenici.

The MP therefore encouraged investment firms and credit institutions to develop their own scoring system. The European Commission should also consider creating European assessments of creditworthiness, says the text.

• The hunt for conflicts of interest

The interests of the agencies in the rated entities will be capped. A shareholder holding 10% or more of the capital of an agency can not have 10% or more of the capital of the rated entity. In the same logic, a shareholder may hold shares of more than 5% in more than one credit reporting agency, unless they belong to the same group.

Some say it was time to limit the omnipotence of these agencies. They have also been heavily criticized, notably for helping to trigger the financial crisis of 2008, giving the best financial rating (AAA) for impaired investments. Since, in a crisis of the euro area, their activity is often viewed with suspicion. Especially when they degrade the note of a country whose access to credit, as was the case in Greece, becomes much more difficult.

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Telemedicine acclaimed

Telemedicine is the preferred solution for French and doctors. According to the survey Jalma, 44% of French and half of doctors are willing to experiment telemonitoring (sensors inform the practitioner about the health of the patient). As for the remote teleconsultation, she seduces a priori one third of French and 41% of doctors. "The doctors are in favor of such developments provided they are paid," experts warn, however Jalma.

Delegation of tasks to relieve doctors

Attention, delegate certain tasks to nurses to focus more on diagnostics is a sensitive issue and doctors' unions are rather hostile. By willingness to respect the prerogatives practitioners polite way-not to mention distrust another medical-but also because the method of compensation, the act does not encourage them to "outsource". Delegating care is, in effect losing money. Nevertheless, 57% of physicians surveyed by Jalma are in favor of this solution.

Financial incentives to attract young

Marisol Touraine, who refuses to go through the stress to repopulate the deserts medical setting incentives dollars and cents. It offers guarantee for two years a minimum annual income of 55,000 euros (4600 euros per month) to young doctors who settled in areas "under-funded" – to define precisely payday loans. With this financial carrot more or less well received by stakeholders, the Ministry of Health hopes to recruit 200 "territorial general medical practitioners" in 2013.

Nursing homes to join forces

The money is not enough, reacted representatives of internal and physicians following the announcement last weekend, as Le Figaro had revealed a guaranteed minimum income of 55,000 euros. If young people are leaving the rural areas and abandon the liberal practice is that they prefer to settle close to their place of study, teamwork and most of all have a social life. To attract them to the countryside, Marisol Touraine and some organizations want to build houses together several medical specialties practitioners, including GPs. Doctors bloggers received by the Minister of Health even want to transpose the prestigious university hospitals (CHU) in areas under-equipped, while focusing on general medicine, often undervalued in the curriculum.

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A few months and four discussion sessions will be enough for unions and employers to complete their negotiations on the modalities of implementation of 500,000 contracts generation François Hollande promised during the campaign. The social partners are indeed reached Friday a draft agreement on this key measure of presidential project which should serve as the basis for legislation that Michel Sapin, the Minister of Labour, must submit to the Council of Ministers on 12 December.

The 11-page document which negotiators initialed could be reached unanimously by the trade unions and employers. The CGT has emphasized that the final text contained "deficiencies," but acknowledged "progress", referring to its "national authorities" care of the sign or not. "It was a good compromise, meanwhile summary Lawrence Berger, the chief negotiator of the CFDT and successor François Chérèque at the end of November. This is a good sign for social negotiation. "

All children under 26 years (and doctoral students under 30 years) will be recruited contract generation. If they are in a business with fewer than 300 employees, they will receive financial assistance from the State an annual amount of 2000 euros, all being conditioned by the conclusion of a "convention generation »via an enterprise agreement or, failing that, a branch agreement.

As for seniors, which will be attached to the young, they must be older than 55 years in the case of hiring or 57 in case of continued employment, regardless of company size. In fewer than 300 employees, with the State will also be 2000 euros per year personal business card. "The draft agreement also provides trading in companies with more than 300 employees, conditioning some relief contributions on wages," is still praised Laurent Berger.

Agreement administration

The collective agreement for a maximum of three years, which will relate the generation contracts, shall specify "the targets of the company's recruitment of young people into permanent contracts," how to integrate their and support and how to implement a follow-up interview. Ditto for seniors concerned with a particular focus on "actions to implement in the transmission of knowledge and skills."

The administration has an important role to play, in particular to verify "that the company has not laid off to hire a young" and thus play full deadweight. The Ministry of Labour will be competent to decide "on any request made by a company or group," says the draft agreement. "The lack of response from the administration for a period fixed by regulatory compliance decision is" still offer the negotiators return on the government's discretion to specify the duration. The enterprise agreement must also be evaluated regularly and the employer must "establish a quantitative and qualitative assessment due," says the text which the social partners arrived.

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