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This is the surprise of the day for those who do not follow the daily succession of Laurence Parisot1 … Geoffroy Roux de Bézieux2 the boss Omea Telecom (Virgin Mobile France …), topped the vote on Monday the Executive Board of MEDEF the government organization for the election to the presidency. With 19 votes, the former president of the employers' association CroissancePlus3 – which aims to become "spokesman bosses" for three years – a short head ahead of the favorite in the polls and large federations, Pierre Gattaz, President of the Group of Industrial Federations.

The son of the former president of CNPF4, the ancestor of MEDEF, previously enjoyed a good dynamic campaign but was convinced "that" 18 members of the Executive Board (of 45) recommend the 560 the general meeting on July 3 to vote for him. As for Patrick Bernasconi, the former lieutenant Laurence Parisot who negotiated all social arrangements the past five years on behalf of the MEDEF, it has received only six votes on its behalf, a score below that 'he expected, seriously handicapping his chances of winning in a month.

"There was a reflex vote helpful to rebalance the country and led to a duel for the election," says Will is in the camp of Bézieux Roux, whose predictions turn gave their champion in mind. "However, there is a month of the campaign and 48-72 hours are going to be important," still holds a council of former President UNEDIC. The attitude of Patrick Bernasconi will indeed be crucial. Found close to the Red Line Bézieux, many are betting on a future rallying the President of the Federation of Public Works to Stop Pierre Gattaz5 totally free credit score. "It will also depend on when it will withdraw," argues a pro-Roux Bézieux. The two men, who appreciate and often exchange by telephone, have repeatedly discussed closer until their application but stumbled on the order of the "ticket". Monday morning in a radio debate, Patrick Bernasconi6 has also not ruled out to do on the day. Things, at least now are clearer on the order of rallying

. First divisions

If the opinion of the Executive Council relaunched the campaign, it is not provided for a sesame Geoffroy Roux de Bézieux. "The members of the General Assembly are very legitimists and have always followed the choice of the executive board," do we want to believe in the entourage of Geoffroy Roux de Bézieux. The same point the finger of dissension among the first supporters of Pierre Gattaz, because it takes place in the device Denis Kessler, CEO of Scor group, whose personality deeply divided the business world.

Nevertheless, Pierre Gattaz always have the valuable support of the three main federations of MEDEF (metallurgy, insurance, banking …) and many territorial MEDEF (Paca, Rhone-Alpes …) which will be available in hundreds of votes on July 3. Supporters of President of the Group of Industrial Federations also argue that the 45 members of the Executive Board are "very Parisian" and that therefore their vote reflects little one will be the 560 members of the General Assembly. A further argument to be wrong but was not retained when the dam was made in March, Laurence Parisot asking the ability to run for a third term

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With these new prévisions1 could not be more bleak for 2013 and 2014, the renegotiation of the UI convention to be held at the end of the year looks complex. The stakes are high: it will not be to plug an economic hole – the deficit will reach 5.6 billion UNEDIC end of 2014, a record year on year – but to curb bleeding endless with cumulative deficit of more than $ 24 billion on that date. The equivalent of the Ministry of Research annual budget!

And for good reason: social partners, negotiating every three years the conditions for unemployment benefits, do not agree on remedies to be made. The unions do not want to revolutionize the rules, and in particular the principle of "one day paid a compensation day" established in 2009 and the opening from 4 months contribution of the right to be compensated. All, without exception, consider the return to growth will be sufficient to bring forward the accounts in the green. "The finances of UNEDIC are highly reactive to any downturn," says an official of the regime. But a turnaround is not expected until 2017 at best

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The government – which transposes into law the agreement the social partners reach – does not intend to endorse a drastic reform of compensation, while the number of unemployed explodes (300,000 + in a year). Politically too dangerous, especially for a Socialist executive already criticized by the left wing.

After Tuesday night, the preparatory meeting with the social partners in the social conference in late June, Jean-Marc Ayrault2 has also said that one of the issues in the negotiations would "know collectively address situations such as the purpose of law. " 750,000 unemployed or those who find themselves deprived of compensation each year and tipped into the social minimum. In short, the opposite of a drastic reform to rebalance accounts permanently in the red.

Too generous system

Employers is not all on the same wavelength. Considering the system too généreux3 (up to 6200 euros monthly income and 36 months of allocation), employers want instead revisit in depth the conditions of compensation, including restoring a gradual reduction of benefits to encourage the unemployed to take more a job quickly. All candidates for president of MEDEF – co-chair, alternating with the CFDT, UNEDIC – point in that direction. Geoffroy Roux de Bézieux4, president of UNEDIC for two years on behalf of the MEDEF, and Pierre Gattaz5, the two favorites, and want to limit the amount of 2000 euros monthly allowance and a full year benefit period. A casus belli for the unions … Their goal is to correct two annexes structurally in the red: the intermittent and technicians show (1 billion deficit each year) and the less well-known cross-border ($ 1.5 billion). Again, red cloths for trade unions (with the exception of the CFDT), but also for the government, which has repeatedly affirmed its commitment to these annexes expensive

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The great ball of audiovisual transfer window is open. This year's Europe 1 and France Télévisions leading dance. Europe 1 because his hearing-drop. France Télévisions 1parce the group is forced to make budget savings.

The big deal at the time, it is the revision of the grid in the morning on Europe 1. In our columns, Fabien Namias2, general manager, acknowledged that "the hearings are not satisfactory" and he worked with Denis Olivennes 3and Bruno Gaston on a major overhaul of the morning. Bruce Toussaint could drop his microphone the morning at the end of the season.

Nothing is yet finalized, but already many names circulating to replace. He Laurent Delahousse4, presenter of JT France 2, is belied by France Télévisions. We talk about matinalier France Inter Cohen5 Patrick, himself a former European one. But Jean Luc Hees6, CEO of Radio France, will do anything to retain and Patrick Cohen is fighting for his morning France Inter regain its leading position. It also speaks of Wendy Bouchard, who also officiates host house on Information M6 Forbidden Zone magazine. But change facilitator for the morning one of Europe will not suffice. Fabien Namias must also give coherence to this morning suffering from the accumulation of different writers. So could some appointments be deleted.

Finding the winning formula

Other size change for Europe 1, Michel Drucker 7a himself announced that he is bowing out and stop its transmission. Europe 1 negotiates with Cyril Hanouna 8to he takes over.

For its part, France Télévisions must solve an equation with two unknowns: reduce thirty million program cost flow and finally found the winning formula for the prime-time of France 2. Today, access is based on two sets: the Patrick Sabatier "Password" and that of Nagi "Do not forget the words." The magazine Télé 7 jours announced the departure of Patrick Sabatier. This explains the Figaro "no decision has been made and the direction of France 2 is satisfied with the hearing of the game, which reached 9.8%, and public image." It is true to the direction of France 2 has not yet finalized its action plan. But she is currently testing miniseries that could replace games. The goal is to reach an audience of 13 to 14%, a strategic issue to boost advertising revenue (the last screen before 20 hours) and to successfully launch the JT 20 hours, which starts with a hearing disability face than TF1.

Side economies, France Télévisions has planned to remove the night of JT France 2 and reduce the "Champs-Elysées", Michel Drucker, two issues per year instead of four. It should also stop "Taratata", the music program Nagi, very expensive. The variety show "Chabada" Daniela Lumbroso9 will be replaced by another, which will take the same concept but cheaper. For the same reason, "Stories series," Béatrice Schönberg, would be arrested.

It Saving Private Saur, the French number three in water management, suffocated by debt become too heavy to bear. But between the Strategic Investment Fund (FSI), one of its largest shareholders, and its …

Confidential until recently, the market for electronic cigarette is in exponential growth phase. Attracted a much lower price than cigarettes, more smokers turn into "vapoteurs." An e-cigarette is sold between 9 and 11 euros is equivalent to consuming two packs and a half. For comparison, a traditional package of 20 units costing more than 6 euros today.

More than a million French have already tested the electronic cigarette does not contain tobacco. They would even use it daily to 500,000. "We believe it is much more" forward Thierry Morin, in Cigartex. This industry pioneer has sold "more than a million cigarettes" last year in its 6,000 outlets, mostly tobacconists and Relay. Its sales have doubled in 2012, "more than 1.5 million." Edsylver, which sells cigarettes especially on the Internet, posting a turnover of € 4 million in 2011, while the market was in its infancy. Clopinette, another actor who relies heavily on physical shops, was 3 million euros in turnover in 2012.

"The whole cartons imported from China"

With the rise of the market, dozens of companies in recent months looking to take their share. The electronic cigarette market begins to look like a rat race: "I seem to see a new box to create a day and there is little serious," Judge Thierry Morin. "It attracts a lot of opportunists, brokers. Some websites have very professional, but behind it is just one person who brought boxes of China, sometimes very small volumes low fee pay day loans. "

In fact, all the French players in the sector are provided in China. There is no regulation on prices, which can vary from simple to double for an identical product. The possibilities are endless products: cases, USB chargers, packs of refills apple, blueberry or lychee … Cigartex provides even launch a special nightclub cigarette with a blue LED as an end "to it is not confused with a cigarette by the guards. "

The tobacco industry puts

There is no time for high standards of marketing: Each dealer sets its standards, may elect to laboratory tests … Some try for example to distinguish touting flavored liquid made in France.

Actors 'historical' are therefore rather favorably upon an application by the Minister of Health Marisol Touraine. "This should push for normalization requires that since 2007," says Thierry Morin. In Edsylver, Cédric Cukier imagine that the investigation will lead to the sort. Large firms in the tobacco industry could also take care to clean. Many prepare their offensive. Imperial Tobacco, Japan Tobacco or Lorillard Tobacco took stakes in existing companies, while British American Tobacco and Philip Morris are working on their own versions, for 2014 and 2016.

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Monitoring of greenhouse tomatoes by computer processing fields by GPS guidance, sale of wheat on the futures market … By demonstrating their commitment to land blows of high-tech 2000s farmers have larger- something to do with those of the 1960s. "This reflects the incredible speed with which the world agricultural captures the latest innovations," said Martine Dégremont, director of the International Exhibition of Agricultural Machinery (Sima) will open its doors from February 24 to 28 at Exhibition Paris-Nord Villepinte. The integration of more advanced ICT (information and communication) will be one of the trends of the 75th World suppliers of agriculture and livestock, involving no less than 1350 exhibitors .

Proof of modernity often ignored by the public, digital tablets are preparing to invest cabs tractors. This is particularly the case with the UT App software developed by the manufacturer Claas and awarded a gold medal by the jury issued Sima Innovation Awards 2013. Easily downloadable on an iPad (or Android tablet), it allows the farmer to visualize, control and store the functions and settings of all its machinery: tractors, combine harvesters, mounted implements ( seeders, sprayers …) but also as a stationary biogas plant. A revolution!

Productivity gains

At the head of a farm of 600 hectares Griselles (Loiret), Loïc Delion sees a "source of saving time, a way to make work easier and improve the comfort of life." And include "the ability to integrate information directly collected on a plot without waiting to be at his computer" or "the ability to make instant adjustments to a machine and store in direct consultation with the site builder. " The livestock sector is not left behind: ten years after the arrival of the first milking robots, automated distribution of food animals is also his first with two award-winning systems. Many inventions that will generate productivity gains.

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"Save the CAP priority François Hollande

While the President of the European Central Bank, Mario Draghi, has managed to bend the euro yesterday, the bloc could achieve on their own to find a compromise on the budget for Europe, even if an agreement n ' is not fully vested. The top of twenty-seven on spending in Europe, quia started last night with nearly six hours late, was extended overnight. Early this morning, a French source involved in the negotiations told news agencies that "compromise sketch gradually, it now seems possible, things have progressed in the last few hours." However, the European Council President, Herman Van Rompuy nuanced: "If we all show a sense of compromise, an agreement on the budget is within our reach." "But we're not there yet," he admitted.

According to several European sources, it would negotiate with European leaders the principle of a budget with 960 billion euros in commitment appropriations corresponding to the maximum permitted, and 913 billion in payment appropriations or actual expenditures for next seven years paydayloans. The negotiations were suspended at midnight and a half to enable bilateral meetings and should take about four hours with the presentation of the final proposals of the President of the European Council.

The total budget for 2014-2020 has been revised several times down under pressure from the United Kingdom, Germany and other countries of Northern Europe. In any event, the 2014-2020 budget will be significantly lower than in the previous period (2007-2013). François Hollande, he said he would not "compromise which neglects the political (traditional) Europe, abandon agriculture and ignore growth."

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The continuing decline of the yen begins to stir. The Japanese currency, which hovered around 90 yen to the dollar fell to 90.21 yen Friday, its lowest level in two and a half years. Since the arrival of Shinzo Abe as prime minister last month, the yen has lost 4.5% of its value against the greenback. The decline is equally spectacular against the euro.

This is a small revolution in the world of finance. Europe will finally set limits on credit rating agencies that have long rain or shine on the financial markets. The three main agencies (Standard and Poor's, Moody's and Fitch) representing 90% of the market will désormer impose greater transparency and may be held accountable for their mistakes.

A large majority of MEPs (579 against 58 votes and 60 abstentions) has adopted the text presented Wednesday by the Italian Socialist Democrat Leonardo Domenici. Here's what to retain these new rules will come into force this year, when the European Council has voted to turn the text.

• The transparency above all

Not always easy to understand rating system for these agencies. They have been asked to publish "research report" when issuing a sovereign rating. In the interests of transparency, this report must be "publicly accessible, clear and understandable," says the text voted.

• notations but not anytime

Agencies can not issue more than three unsolicited ratings throughout the year. When marking States, they should do on dates fixed in advance. Thus, the assessments will be published on Friday, after the markets close in the EU and at least one hour before reopening. The text also states that voted "the rating agency credit institution shall inform the rated entity (…) so that it has the ability to report to the agency any factual errors."

• Agencies responsible now

Agencies must redouble vigilance before distributing their rating. In fact, they will now be civilly liable if they make mistakes. In other words, investors who feel aggrieved by the rating will sue the agency has violated the rules of this law. For example, if a conflict of interest in issuing a rating.

• Limiting the power of agencies

"In recent years, investors and states have become too dependent on rating agencies. On several occasions, their sudden announcements led to speculation harmful financial markets, exacerbating the crisis in the euro zone, "said Italian Socialist MEP Leonardo Domenici.

The MP therefore encouraged investment firms and credit institutions to develop their own scoring system. The European Commission should also consider creating European assessments of creditworthiness, says the text.

• The hunt for conflicts of interest

The interests of the agencies in the rated entities will be capped. A shareholder holding 10% or more of the capital of an agency can not have 10% or more of the capital of the rated entity. In the same logic, a shareholder may hold shares of more than 5% in more than one credit reporting agency, unless they belong to the same group.

Some say it was time to limit the omnipotence of these agencies. They have also been heavily criticized, notably for helping to trigger the financial crisis of 2008, giving the best financial rating (AAA) for impaired investments. Since, in a crisis of the euro area, their activity is often viewed with suspicion. Especially when they degrade the note of a country whose access to credit, as was the case in Greece, becomes much more difficult.

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After the Constitutional Council's decision to cancel the outstanding 75% tax on incomes over € 1 million per year, the Prime Minister announced that the government would introduce within the next Finance Act 2014 a " new device. " Start from scratch is indeed the only option left if the government wants to implement the measure. Any decision of the Constitutional Council is essential. It is binding on all administrative authorities and juridictionelles and there is no recourse. Nicolas Sarkozy had unsuccessfully attempted to circumvent the opinion of the Sages in 2008. He had asked the Supreme Court to make applicable preventive detention already convicted criminals, while the measure had been censored by the Constitutional Council. The President of the Court of Cassation refused, recalling that wise decisions are binding on all courts.

"Difficult politically conjugaliser taxation"

Therefore introduce a new device, but how to get it back is not invalidated by the wise? In a statement, the Prime Minister assured that the new text would be "consistent with the principles laid down by the Constitutional Council's decision." Without specifying what would be changed, how, how much and when. Because this is where the situation is complicated. The Constitutional Council has criticized this tax apply to individuals and not at home, which is the basis for levying tax on income. Specifically, with this tax, a couple, each of whom would receive an income of 900,000 euros, would be exempt, while another, only one member would earn € 1 no teletrack payday loans.2 million and the other not, should the pay, what the Sages deem unfair. "Respect the decision of the Constitutional Council conjugalisant taxation at 75% is easy to imagine right, but politically difficult," says Guy Carassone, constitutionalist, Le Figaro. Two options available to the government, says the Constitutionalist:

• Taxing 75% of households earning more than € 2 million per year. "But there is very little," says the specialist. Taxation exceptional in its initial version had already hit only about 1500 people who have paid an average of 140,000 euros as such

• Taxing 75% households earning more than $ 1 million per year. "But there's a lot more than initially referred by far," said Guy Carcassone. As an example, in France there depending on the tool developed by economist Thomas Piketty over 30,000 French earning more than 500,000 euros a year, so likely to be targeted if they are in a relationship with someone winning as they are.

Whatever solution is chosen, the symbolic measure of François Hollande change of substance. Besides a new text bring new oppositions, and that the Council constutionnel may again be entered.

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