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Opinions were unanimous for once: the 2011 edition of the Salon of Agriculture, which closed its doors Sunday night, is a very good rose. The Show President, Jean-Luc Poulain, maybe a little disappointed that the bar of the 700,000 visitors have not been exceeded, said he was still satisfied. "We were concerned that the poster campaign equating so farmers free to polluters would do us harm," says the manager, himself a farmer in the Oise. Just for the day Saturday the threshold of 100,000 visitors was reached (105,000 to be exact). However, Sunday's was significantly worse, with an influx of about 50,000 people. Sunday the weather is generous without much doubt.

In fact the organizers had set a target of 650,000 people which is very largely exceeded."This is a good edition, despite the difficulties of the livestock sector in particular, indicates Beulin Xavier, chairman of the agricultural union majority, the National Federation of Farmers' Unions (FNSEA). This high attendance shows that consumers are aware that food quality has a cost. " Thus, the meat stand where an army of butchers were at work offered tastings of French livestock products did not empty. "I no longer buy my meat in supermarkets, but at my local butcher now, I prefer to eat less but better," says Anne-Laurence, who came from Nantes expressly for the occasion.

So why so popular? Three main reasons explain the popularity of this event. Firstly, the quality of the stands and open competition animals."In total, no fewer than 3,500 animals that are exposed in the aisles of the Porte de Versailles with the most varieties and breeds," says Guy Vasseur, President of Chambers of Agriculture. Do you know for example that France has the richest heritage equine world, "he says. A diversity that is evident both in sheep, pigs, poultry, but also cows with the star of the show 2011, the Vosges Candy spotted black and white and whose milk is renowned for Munster.

Visitors increasingly young and urban

Another reason for this success: the lure of a population becoming younger and also urban. "The stands have become over time such as dairy products, an area very educational and very fun-oriented kids, for its part, Marie-Pierre Vernhes, the inter-dairy.Like opening up a clientele of more "bobo" and urban areas. With culminating in the Friday night when the doors are open until 23 hours. "This year the event has reached a record with a 40% increase in visitor numbers to 112,000 people for the whole day," says Jean-Luc Poulain.

Finally, the busy exhibition of agriculture due to the "capital of sympathy urban citizens vis-à-vis farmers increasingly strong," says his side, the sociologist François Purseigle which explains it as " back to basics and fundamentals in times of crisis. "

Remains that the current problems such as rising agricultural raw materials, the producer price or the environment, such as photovoltaic, remain.Bracket a week has closed Sunday, but it helped initiate a dialogue between all components of the chain: producers, processors and distribution. They lived under the same roof for ten nights. To transform them to the test every link in the chain can experience the fruits of his labor.

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LE FIGARO. – You took the head of Nestlé in April 2008. What have you changed since the group's strategy?

Paul Bulcke. – For three years the world has experienced soaring raw materials, the financial crisis, the recession in Europe and now the events of the Arab world. What characterizes the group's continuity. Nestlé is a quiet strength, but intrinsically dynamic through innovation and energy of its teams. I have not come to change course, but I am reaffirmed the group's strategy. Facing the world is changing faster, we have accelerated its implementation.

Are you concerned that soaring commodity prices causing food riots?

We have witnessed food riots due to rising prices.When 80% of household budget is spent on food with two or three ingredients, and their prices doubled or tripled, it can not cope. Rising prices of agricultural commodities is put into perspective with the decline we have known for years thanks to increased productivity. World agriculture has less momentum. Today, 30% of production is lost before reaching the consumer. Productivity can be improved. The current situation should lead to reinvest in agriculture, which today represents only 1.5% of global spending on research and development. Over 1 billion people who go to bed hungry at night, three-quarters work in the country yet.To eradicate poverty, 1 euro invested in rural areas has a three to four times higher than any other investment.

Regulation of speculation in commodities could it be useful?

Speculation is more a symptom than the cause of the current rise. Like football, you must define the ground rules, but we also let them play! While governments should set the framework for action. I think most of the principles very explicit and strict sanctions when they are not respected. But do not stop the flow of trade.

How will you pass on higher raw materials? Some expect a rise of 2.5% of your money.

At headquarters, in Vevey, we do not make decisions on prices. Each subsidiary does it for its own product portfolio in the local context.The overall additional cost related to raw materials will be 2.5 to 3 billion Swiss francs this year. But there is no question of the pass as is. We have assets to do this: our purchasing strategy, which dampens short-term fluctuations; innovation and renovation of our products that create value – and there are many creative possibilities, for example in the optimization of connections in our cafes, and finally the efforts of our 280,000 employees to fight against waste at all levels of the value chain. Last year we produced more than 1.5 billion Swiss francs of savings. This year, this policy will constitute at least half of the answer to rising material costs. Ultimately, the principle is to absorb and offset higher raw materials.Price increases are not only as a last resort, responsible manner, and time easy to get unsecured personal loans.

Negotiations with distributors to increase your rates are they more difficult in France than elsewhere?

They are not easy in Germany either, but they are perhaps more noise in France. We want to convince our distributors that the most important is to create value for consumers in every product category. Last year, our brands have grown above the market average of consumer products in France. Do not sell a cheap, otherwise it kills innovation.

In recent years, we had the impression that for Nestlé France was more a source of challenges than opportunities.

France is the first country where we moved from the creation of the company in 1868.Nestle was in a transformation phase in France and looking for growth, flexibility factor. Today is our second largest market behind the United States. We employ more than 17,000 employees, and we export 30% of the production of our 29 French factories. France is at the forefront of innovation in Europe – think, for example, the meteoric rise of Nescafé Dolce Gusto! – And the pace accelerated further in 2010 with the launch of Nesfluid, machine Special T and our solution Jenny Craig diet. We have built the foundations for sustainable growth that will inspire the group in Europe.In this market, we achieved last year 5.5 billion with sales growth of 5%, twice that recorded in Europe.

You are very happy position of Nestlé in France?

Our situation is very good, and we have many opportunities. We, through our employees, our brands strong emotional ties with France: our marriage is a marriage of love not of reason. For example, this yogurt The Milkmaid is French. We also have a research center on the yoghurt in Lisieux, and others in Beauvais, Tours, Vittel and Amiens. France is the market's most comprehensive Nestlé with a diversified offer. Each day, 25 million French households consume at least one Nestlé product. Also in France that Nestle has created a foundation to develop the food culture in its most nationally.For many things, France is the engine of Nestlé. Here, we feel French.

You are a candidate to buy 50% of Yoplait. What is your strategy when you started your withdrawal of fresh dairy products sector in 2006?

This is an ongoing issue that we do not want to make comment.

Listening to you, Nestlé is able to guarantee both the anchoring of the French brand Yoplait that groups or Lactalis Bel?

For us, it's the consumer who owns the marks, we only treat them.

Bettencourt's family has reaffirmed its commitment to remain a shareholder of L'Oreal in the long term. In this context, it is strategic for Nestle remain the capital of the group?

The terms of our relations are public. We respect our commitments and I can only tell you reconfirm the "status quo".

"The year 2010 was more than a transition year, 2011 should be a significant step for Safran," says Jean-Paul Herteman, CEO of the aerospace and defense supplier, said in a statement.

A step that should enable it to achieve an operating margin in 2012 over 10% of sales – Rudder for 2010 shows a margin of 8.2% – and to reproduce the same 20% increase in operating profit recorded in 2010. And, thanks to a "strong recovery" of its activity and continued cost reduction.

The equipment manufacturer specializing in aerospace, defense and security is also expected for 2011 growth of at least 5% of its turnover, mainly driven by an increase of 10 to 15% of services in civil aviation and through its development in security.

Saffron Partners with Chinese

Safran plans to finalize the acquisition in 2011 of SNPE Energetic Materials to create a unified entity in the field of solid propulsion and of the American L-1 Identity Solutions in the field of biometrics payday loans. The group chaired by Jean-Paul Herteman will even create a joint venture in the aircraft wiring with Chinese COMAC to prepare for the future Chinese aircraft C919. Labinal, a subsidiary of Safran hold 49% and Shanghai Aircraft Manufacturing, a subsidiary of COMAC, 51%.

In 2010, profit from recurring operations rose 20% to 878 million euros, for a margin up to 8.2% (against 7% in 2009), with four activities: aerospace propulsion, aircraft equipment, defense and security.

Turnover rose modestly by 3% to 10.760 billion euros.Organic, it fell 1%, "primarily due to the planned completion of a major identification in Cote d'Ivoire".

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Tensions continue in the Paris Stock Exchange on Tuesday. In the wake of fresh violence observed in Libya and Bahrain, the CAC 40 recorded a further decline of 1.15% to 4050.27 points at closing. On Monday, the index in Paris dropped below the 4,100 points, posting a decline of 1.44%.

On other European markets, the atmosphere is the same: the Footsie-100 from the London Stock Exchange dropped 1.11% to 5947.89 points, the Dax 30 yields only 0.45% at 7288.78 points, the Ibex 35 Madrid loose 1.53% to 10,645 points and the RTS index in Moscow fell sharply from 1.22% to 1866.20 points.Only Essilor International and Schneider Electric remained small increase in the CAC 40 in mid-session.

The Milan Stock Exchange victim of a "technical problem"

Note that the Milan Stock Exchange did not open on Tuesday morning due to a "technical problem" according to a statement of the financial manager of Italian Borsa Italiana. Trade resumed at 15:30 and upon the resumption of negotiations, the FTSE fell Eb nearly 2%.On Monday, the index of the star was Milan Stock Exchange plunged 3.59% at 22,230 points, due to the violence in Libya which are very close economic ties with Italy.

Sales of new homes rose in France from 8.6% in 2010 compared to 2009, according to the Department of Ecology, which reported Tuesday in a parallel increase of 27.3% in housing starts and 14.5% of building permit between November 2010 and January 2011.

In the U.S., prices for detached houses fell in December in the U.S. for the sixth consecutive month, shows the S & P / Case-Shiller index released Tuesday.This index, which measures prices in 20 metropolitan areas, shows a decrease of 0.4% CVS a month to month in December, in line with analysts' expectations, and after a decline of 0.6% in November.

The index of U.S. consumer confidence rose in February to its highest level in three years, to 70.4.

The euro declined, oil blaze

On the currency markets, the euro retreated to the fence, a little less strongly against the dollar, losing 0.12% to 1.3664 dollar.

Oil continues to surge. A barrel of light sweet crude for March delivery gained 8% in early trade in New York at 92.92 dollars. In London, a barrel of Brent North Sea reached a peak of 108.57 dollars in the morning, a breakthrough price since September 2008.

Air France-KLM skidded

The main value that suffers the consequences, Air France-KLM.The action is the fastest decline in the SBF 120, yielding 3.08% to 11.78 euros.

Alstom: -1.88% to 43.40 euros Areva: -1.43% to EUR 36.30

As for values, the government announced Monday a program to streamline its civil nuclear industry and has asked its major suppliers (Alstom, Areva, EDF, GDF Suez) to work together rather than engage in rival proposals.

EDF: -0.63% to 31.71 euros

Moreover, according to a government source, the state should provide by the end of March for permission to build a second nuclear reactor next-generation EPR on Penly site operated by EDF.

GDF Suez: -1.89% to 28.79 euros

According to Le Figaro, the price of gas is expected to increase by 4.8% to 5.2% effective April 1 and thus affect the bills of 10.8 million customers.On RTL, the Energy Minister Eric Besson has not confirmed the information, merely saying that such a project is under consideration and an announcement will be made shortly.

Total: -1.36% to 42.46 euros, Technip: -0.76% to 70.10 euros

Oil stocks are battered, companies leaving Libya and oil production marked a setback in the country.

Poweo: -6.59% to 4.96 euros

Poweo announced Tuesday it had completed the sale of 60% of its industry, for which he will receive 120 million euros, stated that part of the proceeds will be allocated to repay the debt.It added that its operating loss could approach 150 million euros for 2010, but sales to the "historic high."

Latecoere press EADS to buy it

Aviation Latécoère: -7.15% to 8.70 euros

Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Latecoere Gadonneix is expected to announce within a month "the buyer or at least an industrial solution" for the OEM aerospace debt of more than 300 million, The Tribune wrote in its edition of Tuesday.

Carmat stable at 44.22 euros

Carmat is on track to achieve before the end of 2011 the first human implantation of its artificial heart, falling in line and stops planned in its IPO last July.

Sopra: -2.42% to 70.26 euros

Sopra has nearly tripled its net profit in 2010, to 74.8 million euros against 27.2 million in 2009, indicating that provide a "slight" improvement in operating margin for the year 2011.

Régions: -3.59% to 73.90 euros

Régions reported Tuesday an increase of 0.6% of its rental income in 2010 on a constant basis, to 521 million euros, and a recurring net profit of 308 million, up 1.3 %. For 2011, the property is well positioned and said expects its stable recurring earnings.

After market, Spir Communication (-5.81% to 40.21 euros) and Nexity (-1.84% to 31.49 euros) will present their annual results.

Asian stock markets starting this week just as they had finished the previous one: uncoordinated. Investors are still cautious about the challenge Middle East and after the tightening of accounting rules for Chinese banks.

At the close, the Nikkei 225 Index gained a 'small' 0.14% to 10,857.53 points. The Japanese index, approaching a peak of nine and a half months, climbing more than 6% since the beginning of the year.This is the best performance of Asian financial markets.

Scholarships Chinese side, Shanghai has responded best to squeeze as Hong Kong, the CSI 300 Index rising 0.63% to 3232.13 points and the Hang Seng Index lost 0 personal business card.37% to 23,508.60 points.

On other areas of the region, the KRX 100 Index lost 0.38% from Seoul to 4267.84 points, the S & P / ASX 200 Index 0.74% cowardly to 4900 points, the BSE Sensex 30 Index and the FTSE Straits Times Index dropped 0.47% to 3072.54 points.

Crude prices were sharply higher Monday in electronic trading in Asia, supported by rising tensions in Libya and fears of the spread of protests in the region major oil producers, analysts said. In morning trading, a barrel of light sweet crude for March delivery gained 1.13 dollars to 87.33 dollars.That of Brent North Sea crude for April delivery took $ 1.02 to 103.54 dollars.

A formula that has rained, but that leaves open many files. The roundtable, chaired by Nicolas Sarkozy after his walkabout in the aisles of the Salon of Agriculture, was rather well received by participants. "He did not demagoguery and was really aware of what was happening in the farming community," said Florence Verheyden-Valade, breeder of bison in the Creuse. It was part of the panel of invited farmers, three women and four men, "representatives of all sectors and territories", according to Franck Louvrier, communications adviser at the Elysee. There was a producer from another sheep of the Puy de Dome, a pork producer from Vienna, a wine of Herault, a grain of Loiret and a breeder of Charolais in the Nièvre.

Discussion without taboos

For more than 90 minutes, the Head of State has listened in turn and answered their questions.Environment, rising raw materials, distribution, cost of labor, many topics were discussed openly and with details. Asked about the cost of labor by Patricia Rebillou, producer of strawberries in the Dordogne, Nicolas Sarkozy said: "We reduced by more than three euros hourly cost of seasonal workers, to 12.81 euros per hour to 9, 43 euros. Adding that "this reduction in social security employer had already cost the state 500 million euros" and it was not possible to go beyond. "Nicolas Sarkozy has memory and is familiar with his records," commented Michel for his part Hamel, a milk producer of the Channel.The latter was part of the 400 farm representatives who attended the roundtable held in Area 2000, a large room in the mezzanine in Hall 1 of the animals at the Porte de Versailles.

On the environment issue, widely discussed on Saturday, the audience applauded the head of state when he said the poster campaign of ecological association FNE. "It is hurtful, humiliating, totally cons productive in some ways shocking," said Nicolas Sarkozy short term personal loan. "You are loved by the French more than you think as evidenced by the success of the Salon of Agriculture," he said at the farmers.

Several decrees

In a goodwill gesture, the president did not come in without his wallet. A decree recognizing the activity of methane on farms is released this Saturday.

In addition to reducing the depletion of farmland in France – at a rate of one department every seven years – another decree was issued on the topic, believing that the show is moving files around the corner. It concerns the establishment of advisory boards of county farmland. A new structure must give notice before any sales of land into building land. Transactions will now be taxed. The tax proceeds will fund innovative facilities for young farmers.

"However, Nicolas Sarkozy said nothing about the case of photovoltaics, which allows farmers to reduce their cost of production," complained Jean-Pierre Fleury, Secretary General of the Federation Nationale Bovine and rancher in the Morvan. Another disappointment for farmers, lack of clarity of Nicolas Sarkozy vis-à-vis supermarkets."While the president has insisted on a better distribution of value added over the entire chain, but was not specific enough in its intentions," said Guy Vasseur, president of the APCA (Permanent Assembly of Chambers of agriculture). "We will continue to help you be more competitive and regulate the prices of agricultural commodities. I believe the future of French agriculture, growth, development and its contribution in the foreign trade of France, "said Nicolas Sarkozy. "A frank and direct dialogue," summarized the Youth President Jean-Michel Schaeffer, leaving the space 2000. "The lyrics is good, it acts better," summed up his side Beulin Xavier, president of the FNSEA.

It should not a priori expect a lull in the immediate front of house prices. In its latest study, the firm Xerfi estimates that housing prices will continue rising until 2015, although the pace will likely be lower than in 2010.

The author of the note Desruelles Vincent, said the market recovery that began in 2010 with a sharp increase in transactions, will continue this year, even if the market will not experience the same conditions. In his year 2010 was marked by the enthusiasm of investors disappointed by the Exchange, but especially by historically low interest rates that have resolvabilisé many buyers. "The rate cut had boosted artificiellemet the market in 2010 will not continue in 2011 and 2012," warned Vincent Desruelles, who nevertheless said that raising rates "will not be strong enough to be disabling."He estimated that the long-term rates may stabilize around 5.20% in 2015. He stresses that the financing conditions remain favorable – at least in 2011 – supporting transactions and prices.

The study also highlights the socio-demographic factors: increasing and aging population, celibacy, divorce … which are phenomena emphasizing housing demand. Xerfi and assesses the potential demand for additional nearly 380,000, now the shortage and thus the pressure on the market.

"But unless some external event (new tax rules on capital gains, the bursting of the euro area) is the assumption of high prices that prevail with, however, still marked differences across regions," said Vincent Desruelles .For if any new outbreak general price seems to be excluded because of the disconnect between the price level and household income, 2010 highlighted the duality of the French market. The gap has widened between a very attractive market towns and provincial market more subdued. Paris, Ile-de-France, major towns and coastal areas should see prices climb again this year by 3.4% on average. Notaries are even predicting increases of 10% in large cities.In rural areas and regions most affected by the economic crisis, however, prices should stagnate.

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"They could not not know." The celebrated American crook Madoff, who is serving a sentence of 150 years in prison, provides in an interview given to The New York Times – the first since he was jailed – some banks and investment funds "unidentified" were necessarily aware of its gigantic fraud which has cost tens of billions of dollars to some 16,000 victims.

The 72 year old, interviewed by the newspaper in the parlor of the U.S. federal prison in Butner, North Carolina, and described as "weak" and "a little agitated" – when his son committed suicide last December Two years to the day after the arrest of his father – thus changes compared to the version he advanced so far.Namely, it was only to have climbed this pyramid fraud and no one was complicit.

Bernard Madoff says now that "their (banks and funds, Ed) attitude was sort of saying 'if you do something wrong, we do not know'." One method that has been to "turn a blind eye" to the contradictions between official records and other information about his financial arrangements, "said Ponzi scheme in which investors' money last got used to compensate the oldest . But he accuses of having no institution or formal knowledge of having been complicit in his fraud.

However, he acknowledges being guilty and admits that "nothing can excuse his crimes," while noting, according to an e-mail received by The New York Times in January that "it would have liked his clients lose nothing, but there was a risk they were aware that by investing in the markets. "

Banks in the eye of the storm

Appointed by the court to try to recover money for victims duped in this montage called Ponzi estimated $ 65 billion, Irving Picard has launched legal proceedings to seek tens of billions of dollars from companies or individuals he suspects of having taken advantage of the assembly or to have contributed to its development. It has already recovered about $ 10 billion.

In an email dated December 19 cited by the New York Times, he wrote to Irving Picard for providing "information which I knew they could be crucial to recover funds from individuals complicit in the mess I got myself" .

Among the accused is notably JP Morgan Chase, Irving Picard J. "totally complicit" assembly, and which he claims 6.4 billion. The liquidator has also targeted the Austrian banker Sonja Kohn (Medici), described as "soul mate criminal" by Bernard Madoff. He wants her to pay $ 19.6 billion. Moreover, the British bank HSBC has asked for $ 9 billion, accused of being complicit "in creating, promoting and supporting an international network of a dozen feeder funds domiciled in Europe, the Caribbean and America Central "."UBS is no exception: the Swiss bank must repay $ 2 billion.

Moreover, the wife of "financial" Texan has been asked, shortly after the arrest of her husband in June 2009 to return $ 45 million collected over the last six years.

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Already observed in a quarter last summer, the change in reports of economic strength is approved, the delightful Peking as the second world economy, Tokyo with an annual GDP of 5.8786 trillion dollars in 2010, cons 5474200000000 . Japan had risen to that place, ahead of West Germany in 1968. Still a large gap between China and the world's largest economy, the United States, whose GDP reached 14,660 billion last year. But economists believe that China could overtake the U.S. by 2025.

Japan's Minister Delegate for Economic and Fiscal assured this morning that "as a neighboring nation, we welcome the rapid growth of the Chinese economy. This can structure the development of the regional economy payday loans. "He wants to "improve friendly relations between Japan and China economically."

The Japanese economy fell 1.1% in the last quarter of 2010 compared to the previous year. Meanwhile, gross domestic product (GDP) increased 9.8% Chinese. Tokyo trouble bouncing its economy since the 2008 crisis. The appreciation of the yen in recent months has weighed on Japanese exports. The end of subsidies for purchase in the car and a new tax on cigarettes have weighed on consumption figures. Remains that reported per capita GDP of China is only one tenth that of Japan.

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The small Italian island of Lampedusa feels overwhelmed. In five days, around 5,000 immigrants, mostly Tunisians, who have landed, according to the Italian coast guard. On the one night from Saturday to Sunday, a thousand people have arrived illegally. "The situation is difficult," admitted the captain of the port of Lampedusa Antonio Morana, "landings are continuing at a relentless pace."

The economic and political uncertainty still prevails in Tunisia, as the country prepares to celebrate on Monday its first month since the fall of the regime of Ben Ali. The transitional government is under strong social and political pressure. Concerns about the reconstruction have led to thousands of Tunisians to flee their country and trying to reach the coasts of Europe. A journey which is not without risk.A young Tunisian drowned and another was reported missing Saturday after the sinking of a boat carrying 12 immigrants, reported the Tunisian agency TAP.

State of Emergency in Italy

Faced with this wave of immigration, Italy Saturday declared a state of humanitarian emergency. The day before, she had sought help from the European Union and "the immediate deployment of a mission of interception and Frontex patrol off the coast of Tunisia for flow control," warning against the risk of a "humanitarian crisis". The proclamation of a state of emergency allows the use of such special financial resources rapidly.Tunisian immigrants will get help "but they can not stay on the Italian territory," said the foreign minister, Franco Frattini, indicating that they will be repatriated.

According to the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), some of these "immigrants fleeing poverty and strikes," others "have claimed political asylum, and finally, some" say they ulent ve just wait and see what happens in Tunisia. " Tunisian authorities for the proper functioning of the political transition depends primarily on the revival of economic activity.That is why they have stepped up calls for the international community to support the economy.

The necessary economic recovery

The tourism sector, which covers 60% of the deficit and the trade balance represents 6.5% of GDP of Tunisia, has been particularly hit by the weeks of chaos that preceded the fall of Ben Ali and the blur that followed. Over 10 million people, employing over 350,000 people. This week the new Minister of Tourism, Mehdi Houas, reported a 40% drop in tourism numbers for the past month (inputs and revenues), compared to January 2010.

The situation should improve with the gradual return of tourists in some areas. On Saturday, France has lifted its restrictions on travel to coastal cities and the Tunisian island of Djerba.Germany will also give the green light for beaches in the east coast, "said Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle, cited by Tunisian television.

Remain unresolved substantive issues of the Tunisian economy: a mass of unemployed graduates (20% of unemployed), a major customer, Europe (77% of exports) is wrong, and new Asian competitors who break prices, particularly in the textile industry. After 24 years of rule by Ben Ali, Tunisia is characterized "by the extremely small number of large (0.4% of total business) and even medium-sized enterprises (0.3% or 1.7%), falls Béatrice Hibou, an economist at CERI-Sciences Po Finally, according to many observers, corruption should survive the dictatorship, albeit on a smaller scale.A context is "not conducive to investments," warns Jean-Raphael Chaponnière, an economist at the French Agency for Development (AFD).

(With agencies)

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